Privatisation free essay sample

Privatisation is the act of reducing the role of government or increasing the role of the private institutions of society in satisfying people’s needs (Shehnaz, 2010). Government take privatization stance to reduce its burden in terms of underutilization of resources, over and redundant employment, fiscal burden, financial crisis, heavy losses and subsidies in order to improve and strengthen competition, public finances, funding to infrastructure and quality and quantity of services in terms of management (Kouser, Azid Ali, 2011). Privatisation was incorporated in Brunei Darussalam in the Fifth National Development Plan (1986-1990) undertaken by Islam Bank Brunei Berhad, promotes saving and productive uses of capital ((brunei company laws and regulation handbook). Other than giving opportunities for private companies sector to grow, privatisation is being pursued for its contribution to many other policy objectives (Hjh Zainab, 2001). As to the acting director-general of the department of economic planning and development (JPKE), â€Å"privatisation is recognised as an important strategy particularly as the private sector has been perceived as the engine of growth for further development of the sultanate† (Suhaimi, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Privatisation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay will explain further why privatisation is a good policy in Brunei Darussalam. Firstly, it helps to boost the economy in Brunei Darussalam as it reduces the spending and improves efficiency in public services. The Minister of Development said during the opening two-day seminar on privatisation in June â€Å"Through privatisation, government could optimize spending in providing services to the public† (Hjh Zainab, 2001) Secondly, private investment will relieve government burden in terms of administrative and financial cost in Brunei Darussalam. Therefore, through this government will be in a better position to manage its resources for the development of other strategically important sectors to help diversify the economy. Lastly, the process of employments could be done a bit faster and the number of unemployment could be decrease with the increased growing rate of the economy as a result of the gains of efficiency on a smaller level and increased stability on bigger level. â€Å"The privatization can have contradictory short and long term effects† (Masalkovska, 2010) On the other hand, privatization was not a good policy when it deals with public interest such as health care, education and public transport. For example, health care, there might be a greater priority is given to profit rather than patient care. â€Å"when doctors treat patients they are unlikely to try harder if they get a bonus† (Pettinger, 2011) Another example is the tap water. â€Å"tap water has very significant fixed costs, therefore there is no scope for having competition amongst several firms. Therefore, in this case, privatization would just create a private monopoly which might seek to set higher prices which exploit consumers. Therefore it is better to have a public monopoly rather than a private monopoly which can exploit the consumer† (Pettinger, 2011) â€Å"Although privatization is an essential instrument for transforming government-controlled economies into market-oriented systems and for making established market economies more efficient, it is neither a panacea for all governments ill nor sufficient to ensure economic progress. Privatization is most effective when it is part of a broader programme of economic policy reforms and institutional development† (Rondinelli, 1996) From my opinion, although privatisationit is still quite new in Brunei Darussalam, but it is a good policy and there is no doubt that it will change the economic conditions by increasing the number of private sector in Brunei Darussalam. As mention in Brunei times articles â€Å"privatisation will be key to improving the efficiency of public services in the sultanate† (Too, 2009)

How to Convert Grams to Moles and Vice Versa

How to Convert Grams to Moles and Vice Versa This worked example problem shows how to convert the number of grams of a molecule to the number of moles of the molecule. Why would you need to do that? This type of conversion problem mainly arises when you are given (or must measure) the mass of a sample in grams and then need to work a ratio or balanced equation problem that requires moles. Key Takeaways: Converting Moles to Grams (and Vice Versa) Grams and moles are two units to express the amount of matter in a sample. There is no conversion formula between the two units. Instead, you must use atomic mass values and the chemical formula to do the conversion.To do this, look up atomic masses on the periodic table and use the formula mass to know how many atoms of each element are in a compound.Remember, subscripts in a formula indicate number of atoms. If there is no subscript, it means there is only one atom of that element in the formula.Multiply the number of atoms of an element by its atomic mass. Do this for all the atoms and add the values together to get the number of grams per mole. This is your conversion factor. Grams to Moles Conversion Problem Determine the number of moles of CO2 in 454 grams of CO2. Solution First, look up the atomic masses for carbon and oxygen from the periodic table. The atomic mass of C is 12.01, and the atomic mass of O is 16.00. The formula mass of CO2 is: 12.01 2(16.00) 44.01 Thus, one mole of CO2 weighs 44.01 grams. This relation provides a conversion factor to go from grams to moles. Using the factor 1 mol/44.01 g: moles CO2 454 g x 1 mol/44.01 g 10.3 moles Answer There are 10.3 moles of CO2 in 454 grams of CO2. Moles to Grams Example Problem On the other hand, sometimes youre given a value in moles and need to convert it to grams. To do this, first calculate the molar mass of a sample. Then, multiply it by the number of moles to get an answer in grams: grams of sample (molar mass) x (moles) For example, find the number of grams in 0.700 moles of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2. Calculate the molar mass by multiplying the number of atoms of each element in the compound (its subscript) times the atomic mass of the element from the periodic table. Molar mass (2 x 1.008) (2 x 15.999) Note the use of more significant figures for oxygenMolar mass 34.016 grams/mol Multiply the molar mass by the number of moles to get the grams: grams of hydrogen peroxide (34.016 grams/mol) x (0.700 mol) 23.811 grams There are 23.811 grams of hydrogen peroxide in 0.700 moles of hydrogen peroxide. Performing Grams and Moles Conversions Here are some tips for performing these conversions: The two problems most commonly encountered are setting up the problem incorrectly, so the units dont cancel out and give the correct result. It helps to write out the conversion and make sure units cancel. You may want to draw a line through them in complex calculations to keep track of active units.Watch your significant figures. Chemistry professors are unforgiving when it comes to reporting an answer, even if you set up the problem correctly. Moles to Grams Conversion Problem Sometimes you are given moles and need to convert it into grams. This worked example problem shows you  how to convert moles to grams. Problem Determine the mass in grams of 3.60 mol of H2SO4. Solution First, look up the atomic masses for hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen from the  periodic table. The atomic mass is 1.008 for H, 32.06 for S, and 16.00 for O.  The formula mass  of H2SO4  is: 2(1.008) 32.06 4(16.00) 98.08 Thus, one mole of H2SO4  weighs 98.08 grams. This relation provides a conversion factor to go from grams to moles. Using the factor 98.08 g / 1 mol: grams H2SO4   3.60 mol x 98.08 g / 1 mol 353 g H2SO4 Answer There are 353 grams of H2SO4 in 3.60 moles of H2SO4.

Sociology written assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology written assignment - Essay Example People often said that Josie had a bad reputation. Personally, I found Josie to be a nice person. I was in many of her classes and would often have conversations. I thought she was an interesting and curious person. She never made fun of me and always seemed to generally be respectful. However, other people felt that she had a bad reputation. They didn't know her well, but that was their superficial impression. They heard rumours about her which often were not true. Her reputation, which spread quickly in the school, seemed to precede her wherever she want. She became a character that people would talk about even though they didn't actually know her in person. People who had never had a conversation felt that they knew everything about her. They felt they were in a position to judge her because there was a kind of story being told by everyone about her. In a sense her reputation made her a public commodity. It is clear from the research that bad reputations are created when people de viate from social norms. In Josie's case it was clear that a lot of her behaviour set her apart from the other students in the school. She experimented with alcohol before other students and had friends who were a fair amount older. She also took part in a number of disturbance, further marking her out from the social group.

Jackson and the Cherokee Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jackson and the Cherokee - Coursework Example The white settlers thus sought to introduce a civilized system of settlement. They therefore needed to secure adequate land for such practices. The interaction of the two cultures thus caused intense cultural conflicts, which had varied ramifications. The Cherokee’s way of life made it difficult to develop ordered societies as propagated by the white settlers. The white settlers therefore tried to reform the behavior and cultures of the native communities including the Cherokee through a concerted assimilation exercise. Culture is dynamic a feature that justified the actions of many indigenous societies that adopted the new ways of life. The Cherokee did not change their cultures thus resulting in their forceful eviction from their land to Indian Territory. The white proponents of the act explained that the removal of the indigenous community was the surest way of creating peace among them thus enhancing their prospects of settling in the region and exploiting the resources of the land. The Cherokee on the other hand endured disease, hunger and death owing to the maltreatment. The Act disregarded the human rights and privileges of the indigenous people as the whites fronted their culture irrespective of the feelings of the other

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Research Paper

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees - Research Paper Example Electronic monitoring has been defined as "the computerized collection, storage, analysis, and reporting of information about employees productive activities" (Office of Technology Assessment, 1987). Employee monitoring has become much easier with the advent of new and cheap technologies. Electronic Monitoring and surveillance includes practices such as video and audio surveillance, monitoring employees’ usage of computer that includes checking of email, computer files and sometimes even keystroke speed. There are many reasons for instituting monitoring and surveillance. According to the American Management Association some of the main reasons are: performance evaluation, compliance with federal and local laws, protection against legal liability and cost control of the use of company phone and internet. Security and protection of business information can be cited as other reasons. There are several types of employee monitoring and surveillance systems. The most commonly used are 1)computer monitoring :With the help of computer monitoring systems an employer can check an employee’s speed and accuracy, monitor the number of errors, the number of jobs done, time spent away from computer. This information can then be used by the employer to maintain records of an employee’s performance and to set performance standards 2) Video surveillance: Employers use these systems to track employee theft, and wastage of time 3) Phone tapping: This is the most common method of monitoring used by employers. Here the number of calls, the frequency, the length and destination of the calls are all recorded. This information is then used to detect if an employee is passing on critical information about the organization to outsiders and to train employees for better customer service. 4) E-mail and Voice Mail tracking: In some workplaces employers monitor an employees e -mail and voice mail. With the help of new technologies, employers can easily track

Characteristics Of Autocratic Leadership Business Essay

Characteristics Of Autocratic Leadership Business Essay In an autocratic leadership style, the person in charge has total authority and control over decision making. Autocratic leadership is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where a leader exerts high levels of power over his or her employees or team members. People within the team are given few opportunities for making suggestions, even if these would be in the teams or organizations interest. The autocratic leadership style is best used in situations where control is necessary, often where there is little margin for error. When conditions are dangerous, rigid rules can keep people out of harms way. Good fits for Autocratic Leadership are Military, Manufacturing and Construction Characteristics of Autocratic Leadership Little or no input from group members Leaders make the decisions Group leaders dictate all the work methods and processes Group members are rarely trusted with decisions or important tasks In change management, this theory is successful during the emergency and necessary actions where is no chance of mistakes this is useful only in those areas where only orders and instructions are given e.g. military, constructions etc. Participative/Democratic Theory The democratic leadership style is a very open and collegial style of running a team. This theory suggests that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others. Group members feel engaged in the process and are more motivated and creative. In this theory, ideas move freely amongst the group and are discussed openly. Everyone is given a seat at the table, and discussion is relatively free-flowing. The people have a more participatory role in the decision making process. Levins study found that participative leadership, also known as  democratic leadership is generally the most effective leadership style.   The basic ideas behind participative theory of leadership can be summoned as follows: Everyone Participate New ideas are thrown about Decisions becomes more-oriented Leaders can assess the worth of their policies A progressive approach In change management, under this style of leadership leader need to be participate in the task which going to be achieved within the organization with team members to motivate and encourage them towards the goal. Transformational Theory The concept of transformational leadership was developed by James Macgregor Burns  [1]  (Burns, 1978). According to Burns, transforming leadership is a process in which leaders and followers help each other to advance to a higher level of morale and motivation. In transformational leadership various mechanisms are used to boost employee morale and motivation. The following list explains some of the mechanisms used. Please note that following list is not exhaustive, many more mechanisms are used and I am listing a few (Wiki-transformational, Ret. 2007): Integrating individual goals with the organizational goal, it is to create a sense of belongingness; it also includes connecting ones identity to the collective identity of the organization. Depicting leader as a role model so that the entire followers can follow him, having a common role model also helps in creating common paths to follow. Followers are challenged to take greater ownership of their work; this also includes techniques like constructive criticism. This also promotes the concept of taking liability of your actions in both positive and negative way. Leader is made responsible for aligning and optimizing the employee performance by measuring their strengths and weaknesses. In change management, under this style of leadership, leaders encourage and motivate the employees in such a way that they perform at their best to achieve more than the desired or set goal. Transformational and Transactional While there are many different approaches and theories of leadership, Transactional and Transformational are compared the most, so based on my research online, here is my attempt: Transformational VS Transactional Objectives are achieved by moral values and higher ideas Objectives are achieved by rewards and punishments set by the leader Proactive leadership Responsive leadership Individualized Consideration Management by Exception Motivation is achieved by promoting group interest and team work spirit Motivation is achieved by promoting self interest 1.3 Leadership role models I would like to be a transformational leader, so would be listing two transformational business leaders Dr. Vijay Malaya Mr. Rahul Bhatia Leadership profiles DR. Vijay Malaya Dr. Vijay Malaya is currently of 56 years old and living in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He got residency of India and Australia. He completed his Bachelor of Arts and science from Calcutta University. His all the property was inherited and grooming day by day. He is the brand ambassador of himself and prefers the belief to knowledge and talent. He always tries to focus on team presentation and how much experience they have got. His living standard is very high profile and social able. He got high ambitious person and very dominant nature. Because of his autocratic leadership style his company is booming. He got aggressive behavior because his all normal talks are with general manager of the company. He is from one of the irregular and late leaders. He always wants fully attention on work from his staff. He has no emotions for his employees. Because his policy is to whenever any of his employees had said no to work, he fired his/her. In his company hiring and firing is frequent. Ther e are less chances of promotion in his company. There are less salary incentives as well in his company. He got strong position in politics as well, with the help of this power; he is getting high name and fame. Moreover, he has keen interest in sports as well. He is the owner of Royal Challengers Bangalore, an IPL cricket team. He also formed a Sahara force India formula one team. Furthermore, by reading his image, it is shown that he is very straight forward leader, who doesnt wait for others to start. In simple words, Vijay Malaya do everything is of his own choice, he leads team in very formal way. He doesnt have any emotions for his employees. Change Management Under his leadership, he made a big change in his company. His company is getting name and fame. He expands his company from low level to high level. He started kingfisher airlines. Before him according to survey, the kingfisher was on 32nd rank in the world, but after him, kingfisher got the 19th rank among another companies. Mr. Rahul Bhatia Mr. Rahul Bhatia is also in his 60s. He was born in Bentwal, Karnataka. He completed his studies BS in electrical engineering from university of waterloo, Canada. Currently he is living in Delhi, India. After completing his studies, he worked with IBM. Then he realized to setup his own company Indigo. He believes in diligence, future mindedness, transparency in work. He is democratic leader. He always gives chances to others to perform. Because of his positive attitude, his company is shining day by day. He always brings forward good talent. Mr. Rahul Bhatia always tries to keep his focus on good team performance. He believes in simple living and high thinking. He is very punctual in his life and always set goals to be targeted. He has seen some difficult period for his company, but he paid salaries and bonus to each worker time to time. He is continuously learning and trying to develop the leadership style. He is really a very good leader and task oriented. He respects the voice of his employees. He has promotion policy in his company and always promotes the good talent. Change Management He started indigo as a private low cost carrier based airline. But Rahul Bhatia put his a lot hard work in indigo, so thats why it was the only airline in India making profits by the end of March, 2012. It became the Indias largest airline in terms of market share. Comparison between Dr. Vijay Malaya and Mr. Rahul Bhatia: Sr. No. Autocratic Style Participative/Democratic Style Dr. Vijay Malaya Mr. Rahul Bhatia 1 He is only one to make decisions. He tries to use the decision made by majority 2 He doesnt have any confidence on employees. He lets other coworkers come forward and show the ability. 3 He is rude to his employees and for mistake; he got only one punishment of firing. To establish goals though employees and help them to work hard to achieve goals. Benchmarking criteria For setting up of benchmarking criteria, I will be using participative leadership approach. I will be listing qualities of this leadership approach as a benchmarking framework for my own personal development. Participative leaders have a very high degree of self-confidence- I see it as an essential element of my personal development benchmarking because I think every leader must have self-confidence. If you believe in yourself, only then you can convince others to believe in you. Almost all participative leaders have high sense of Social Responsibility- it is important as it lays the basic draft plan for you to be socially responsible. Remember your followers also form a part of society, which makes it even more viable for a leader. Participative leaders focus on Individualized Consideration- it is important as not all employees are same, some can perform exceptional but just need an extra push. Transformational leaders have a proactive approach- It helps to achieve higher employee morale and integrates personal and organizational goals. So we can sum out the basic criteria I described in Benchmarking criteria as follows: High degree of self confidence Social responsibility Individualized consideration Proactive approach 2. Self-Assessment 2.1 Benchmarking Potential analysis is a benchmarking tool that not only compares your performance with benchmarks but also tells you the deviation. Deviation is basically the difference you need to make up in order to achieve your desired benchmark  [2]  (Mgmt, Ret 1999). Lets analyze our set standards in benchmarking criteria with my own performance: A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 Tests Benchmarked Figure My Own Deviation B2 Degree of self confidence 5 2 3 B3 Social awareness 5 2 3 B4 Individualized Consideration 5 1 4 B5 Proactive approach 5 2 3 A2 Tests are the key elements which are to be compared in Potential Analysis A3 Benchmarked figures are the highest total which can be attained in a relative operational environment. A4 is the actual measures of my own assessment in terms of Tests (figures here are calculated from the surveys completed) A5 Deviation is the difference of comparison between benchmarked figure and the actual figure. This is the difference we need to cover up in order to achieve benchmarked results. Reflection I like to prefer participative leadership style. As I came from well-educated Indian family I have enough knowledge about what qualities needed to be a good leader. My father always asks our opinions if he is going to make some major decisions that bring changes to our family. I am working in such environment where the leaders are totally participative and encourage all the time to take parts in decision making process by asking our views. According to me this leadership style is well suitable for me because I can encourage and motivate others to participate with their full extent. This encouragement enables team members to play major part in decision making process which makes their performance better. I can guide as mentor to help them in achieving their goals. I need to develop proactive approach towards leadership. Responsive approach like transactional is mostly used in crisis management. 3. Personal Development Plan Opportunities Rationale strategies Timeframe measures measures My short goal is to become the manager in my organization I have chosen this goal because after completing my (level 5) in business I will become valid for the manager position. After completing my course I will take 3 months training for the clerical work done in the organization. I have to take my leadership I need 2 year more to get it to that position because at present I am working as a supervisor If I get a good feedback working in the office from the manager that will be my measure to be there on that position The main resources I need for this short term goal is to complete my diploma in business management (level 5) As my long term goal is to be the area manager of my organization I have chosen this position because I have a good power of motivation and convincing power also as I have a very good leadership style so thats why my goal is to be the area manager of my organization For this goal I need a very good communication skills to attend the big meetings or to the customers so I will take English class and also I will go for the further studies in the business field( level 6 )and( level 7) So to get this major position in my organization I need four to five years of time because my studies will take two years more and I have to get more experience and to achieve a clear vision. In this goal the measures will be my studies if I will be able to complete my studies then I will get my good skills and knowledge .other measures will be the right decision taken as manager of the organization start from today . I need more money to get well education of the relating to my field , I need the time and in that time the decision made by me should be valid , need more skills My another and the dream full goal is to be the successful businessman in new Zealand and being as a very idol leader for the others so that anyone can give good example about me . Because it is my dream that I should be in the list of successful businessman in New Zealand And a very good person to the people as well because success is nothing if we dont have respect in the society. I will go for the further studies and have to learn the big terms the leader should have like, self-confidence, risk taking, great vision, positive attitude, less negative points, great motivation quality. As I have this very big goal in front of me is very difficult but not the impossible it needs probably 10 more years to be their because new Zealand successful business is a big term itself ,and need this period also to get immense experience and great knowledge and very good education as well and more importantly the focus s As I have told my short term and long term goals the success in these goals and in the given time period will be great feedback to me .and if I will be successful in making myself more vision able but with the hard work that would be a good measures for me that I am going in a right way . There are many resourcing that I need in this goal to achieved I need good amount of time to get work on each step

America: Freedom And Violence Essay -- essays research papers

America: Freedom and Violence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine the emotionless testimony of a violent youngster, who may not realize he is fingering an accomplice as he quickly excuses his violent act,  ¡Ã‚ §Oh I don ¡Ã‚ ¦t know. I just saw it on TV. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Countless acts of senseless violence in the past few decades have led our society to believe that although freedom of speech is a trait that separates America from many other countries, it has also made us more brutal. Media outlets such as television, movies, and music have had a major impact on our nation. The outlets can allow us to be creative, make money, and have fun. The downside is when it leads to homicide, suicide, and other serious crimes. The best example of seeing the influence of violence is the exact copy cat crimes that are played out day after day. Media also tends to guide children that may seem insecure, confounded, or simply daunted by what they see on the television. This cause creates a variety of effects, mostly leading to violence or de sensitization to the events that occur around them. To understand how violence can be seen through media look to a common feeling when people listen to a new song that they start liking. It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   can be described as an almost euphoric high. People that share this common feeling go to concerts where it seems like anything is fun and exciting. Often with so much intense hysteria people can feel pushy and violent as they try to get into the music. As a result concerts such as the 1999 Woodstock can end in violence. Events like this and other media extensions are uncontrollable because people have the right to be able to say what they want to say and express what they feel with little to no intervention. It is the first amendment that allows us to have the rights of freedom in our country. Freedom of speech has allowed media to be one link to the chain of violence in our nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States was founded on the principle that the people and the government had the right to freedom of speech. The words  ¡Ã‚ §It ¡Ã‚ ¦s a free country! ¡Ã‚ ¨ are four of the most important words to America. The term is used generally because we can not get away with everything in the United States. The rights we do have are our most cherished personal freedoms. The formation of our country began with the idea that freedom above all was ... ...crease in violence correlates with the increase of television in our country. Violence can haunt the minds of many children and adolescents while they are still growing and learning to function. A time like this can make all outside events become more sensitive to a child ¡Ã‚ ¦s mind. Media can help give ideas or promote certain acts, especially if it seems like the viewer is making a connection with the role model that makes these actions. For children that live in abusive homes or have lived a psychologically damaging life, media is something they may try to connect with when things in the viewer ¡Ã‚ ¦s life do not seem to be going well. Not only can it create more violence but also it makes people who live here become more fearful of the world around them. Media has learned to focus on the exaggerations and extremities in our country so that one who views this could see his environment as a fearful enigma. The identity of America can be unclear. The founding of the first a mendment has made our country full of violence. What use to be a strengthening trait that made America attractive, has now turned into violent turmoil that makes many more people filled with fear instead of freedom.